“सहनं सर्वदुःखानामप्रतीकारपूर्वकम् | चिन्ताविलापरहितं सा तितिक्षा निगद्यते || २४ ||” Vivekachudamani, Verse 24
Word-to-Word Meaning:
सहनं (Sahanam):Sahanam means “endurance” or “tolerance.”
सहन (Sahana) - Endurance
सं + हन (Sam + Hana) - Together + Endurance
सर्वदुःखानाम् (Sarvaduhkhanam):Sarvaduhkhanam means “of all sufferings.”
सर्व (Sarva) - All
दुःखानाम् (Duhkhanam) - Of sufferings or pains
अप्रतीकारपूर्वकम् (Apratikarapoorvakam):Apratikarapoorvakam means “without seeking remedies or retaliation.”
अप्रतीकार (Apratikara) - Without resistance or counteraction
पूर्वकम् (Poorvakam) - In the manner of, or according to the nature of
चिन्ताविलापरहितं (Chintaavilaparahitam):Chintaavilaparahitam means “free from anxiety and lamentation.”
चिन्ता (Chinta) - Anxiety or worry
विलाप (Vilapa) - Lamentation or complaints
रहितं (Rahitam) - Free from or devoid of
सा (Sā):Sā means “that.”
सा (Sā) - That or She
तितिक्षा (Titikṣā):Titikṣā means “tolerance” or “forbearance.”
ति (Ti) - A prefix in Sanskrit related to endurance
क्ष (Kṣa) - A root related to endurance
निगद्यते (Nigadyate):Nigadyate means “is called” or “is said to be.”
निगद (Nigada) - To declare or speak
यते (Yate) - Is said or is declared
English Meaning of the Shloka:
"Endurance of all kinds of suffering without seeking revenge or remedy, free from anxiety and lamentation, is called 'titiksha'."
Kannada Meaning of the Shloka:
"प्रतिशोध या उपचार की इच्छा किए बिना, चिंता और शोक से मुक्त होकर सभी प्रकार के कष्टों को सहन करना 'तितिक्षा' कहलाता है।"
Hindi Meaning of the Shloka:
"ಆತಂಕ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಲಾಪದಿಂದ ಮುಕ್ತವಾಗಿ ಸೇಡು ಅಥವಾ ಪರಿಹಾರವನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕದೆ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿಯ ದುಃಖಗಳನ್ನು ಸಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದನ್ನು 'ತಿತಿಕ್ಷಾ' ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ."
Discussion:
Endurance (सहनं):The verse begins by defining sahanam (endurance or tolerance) as the quality of withstanding suffering.
Of All Sufferings (सर्वदुःखानाम्):It emphasizes that this endurance applies to every type of suffering—physical, emotional, or spiritual.
Without Seeking Remedies or Retaliation (अप्रतीकारपूर्वकम्):True endurance involves accepting suffering without trying to retaliate or seek solutions.
Free from Anxiety and Lamentation (चिन्ताविलापरहितं):A key aspect of endurance is that it should be free from mental disturbances like anxiety and outward expressions of grief.
Is Called 'Titiksha' (सा तितिक्षा निगद्यते):The verse concludes by defining titiksha as the virtue that encompasses all these qualities of endurance.
Conceptual Understanding:
The verse describes a profound spiritual practice in which endurance is not just a passive acceptance of suffering but an active, serene engagement with life's challenges.
Suffering is inevitable in life, and titiksha (tolerance) is the spiritual practice of accepting suffering without reaction.
Pratikara (seeking remedies or resistance) and vilapa (complaints) are natural human responses to suffering but are not considered conducive to spiritual progress.
True titiksha involves enduring pain and difficulties without seeking retribution or expressing dissatisfaction, leading to spiritual growth and inner peace.
Practical Implications:
In everyday life, titiksha helps individuals to manage hardships with a calm and resilient attitude, encouraging personal growth and spiritual development. It teaches acceptance and forbearance as tools for overcoming life's challenges and maintaining mental clarity.
Conclusion:
This verse from Vivekachudamani underscores the importance of titiksha (tolerance) as a spiritual discipline. It is a fundamental quality for those seeking spiritual enlightenment, emphasizing that true endurance involves accepting suffering without mental turmoil or the desire for retaliation. Titiksha nurtures spiritual growth and fosters inner peace, making it a valuable practice for both personal and spiritual development. Accepting things or situations with either grudge or helplessness is not titiksha; it must be done with a serene and undisturbed mind. Additionally, titiksha requires one to be stable in all situations, whether in bad times, during hurtful moments, or in the face of any adversity, maintaining equanimity and inner calm.
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